# Europe's humanoids: who builds them and what you can order

> 31 of the 182 humanoids on record come from seven European countries. Three can be ordered, two have a price, and the dearest of those is $75,000 for a robot that does not walk.

Published: 2026-09-06
Section: Explainer
Author: Geert Jan van Vlastuin, Editor, humanoid.observer
Canonical: https://humanoid.observer/blog/europes-humanoids-who-builds-them-and-what-you-can-order/
Licence: editorial text all rights reserved. The underlying data is CC BY 4.0 at https://humanoid.observer/data/.
Cite as: humanoid.observer, https://humanoid.observer/blog/europes-humanoids-who-builds-them-and-what-you-can-order/, accessed <date>.

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Europe has 31 humanoids on our record, from 19 makers in seven countries. Three of the 31 can be ordered today. Two of those have a price. The one full-size machine among them, [Reachy 2](/robots/pollen-reachy-2/), costs $70,000 and rolls on wheels. Everything else European is a quote, a pilot, a research platform or a museum piece. For a buyer or a lab that wants to stay on home soil, that is the whole menu.

The seven countries are France (8 robots), Germany (7), Spain (6), Italy (4), the United Kingdom (3), Poland (2) and Sweden (1). We have left out Russia (2 robots) and Turkey (1), which the data tags separately, and [1X](/companies/1x/), which the record files under the United States with engineering in Moss, Norway.

## Three you can order, and one of them sits on a desk

The 44 orderable humanoids on this site are the ones marked in stock or on preorder. Europe supplies three, all covered in [the availability gap piece](/blog/44-you-can-order-138-you-cannot/) as two French and one Polish.

[Reachy 2](/robots/pollen-reachy-2/) from [Pollen Robotics](/companies/pollen-robotics/) of Bordeaux, part of Hugging Face since April 2025, is in stock and built to order. The official price is $70,000, with a stationary one-arm configuration at $38,000 and the full robot with mobile base at $75,000. It has two arms, an expressive head and a wheeled base, and it does not walk. Hardware and software are open source. The record marks teleoperation as yes: it is designed for VR teleoperation and for collecting data to train vision-language-action models, so what it does on its own is what you train it to do.

[Reachy Mini](/robots/reachy-mini/), from the same maker, is on preorder at $299 for the tethered Lite version and $449 for the wireless version with battery and on-board compute. It is 28 cm tall, a head and torso, and not a walking humanoid. It is on the list because it is the cheapest entry into the same open stack as its big sibling, a point [the home robots piece](/blog/humanoid-robots-for-your-home-what-you-can-actually-get/) already makes.

[Clone Alpha](/robots/clone-alpha/) from [Clone Robotics](/companies/clone-robotics/) in Wroclaw is the third. It was announced for preorder in December 2024 with a first batch of 279 units, and as of the data date it has no public price and no confirmed delivery. Its status is concept. The technology demonstrator, [Protoclone](/robots/clone-protoclone/), was shown in February 2025 suspended from a ceiling, twitching, not walking. A preorder here is a deposit on an idea.

Beyond those three, 13 European machines are enterprise only, which means a sales conversation rather than a buy button. Two are discontinued and 13 are not for sale at all.

## The makers, country by country

| Maker | Country | Machines on record | Orderable | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [Pollen Robotics](/companies/pollen-robotics/) | FR | Reachy 2, Reachy Mini | Yes, both | $70,000 ($38,000 to $75,000 by configuration); $299 to $449 |
| [Clone Robotics](/companies/clone-robotics/) | PL | Clone Alpha, Protoclone | Alpha on preorder | No public price |
| [Aldebaran](/companies/aldebaran/) | FR | NAO, Romeo | NAO on quote, per institution | Record notes roughly $9,000 to $15,000 for NAO6, by region and reseller |
| [PAL Robotics](/companies/pal-robotics/) | ES | REEM-A, REEM-B, REEM, REEM-C, TALOS, Kangaroo | REEM-C and TALOS to labs, on request | Not public |
| [IIT](/companies/iit/) | IT | iCub, ergoCub, WALK-MAN | iCub built at cost for partner labs | Historically around EUR 250,000 per the record |
| [Engineered Arts](/companies/engineered-arts/) | GB | Ameca, RoboThespian | Sold and rented, on request | Not public |
| [Oversonic Robotics](/companies/oversonic-robotics/) | IT | RoBee | Enterprise only | No public price |
| [Neura Robotics](/companies/neura-robotics/) | DE | 4NE-1 | No, pilots only | No public price |
| [Hexagon](/companies/hexagon/) | SE | AEON | No, pilots only | No public price |
| [Humanoid](/companies/humanoid/) | GB | HMND 01 | No, pilots announced | No public price |
| [Enchanted Tools](/companies/enchanted-tools/) | FR | Mirokai | No, pilots | No public price |
| [Devanthro](/companies/devanthro/) | DE | Robody, Roboy | No, Robody in pilots | No public price |
| [Wandercraft](/companies/wandercraft/) | FR | Calvin-40 | No, prototype | No public price |
| [Agile Robots](/companies/agile-robots/) | DE | Agile ONE | No, prototype | No public price |
| [DLR](/companies/dlr/) | DE | Rollin' Justin, TORO | No, research | None |
| [Inria](/companies/inria/) | FR | Poppy Humanoid | No, open design | Kits several thousand euros per the record |
| [InMoov](/companies/inmoov/) | FR | InMoov | No, you print it | Parts roughly $1,500 to $3,000 per the record |
| [University of Bonn](/companies/university-of-bonn/) | DE | NimbRo-OP2X | No, open design | None |

The nineteenth maker is [Google DeepMind](/companies/google-deepmind/) in London, which has no machine of its own on record; it builds the Gemini Robotics models and runs them on other people's bodies.

Two of the 19 are in the acquired column. Pollen went to Hugging Face. [Aldebaran](/companies/aldebaran/), which created [NAO](/robots/aldebaran-nao/) in 2005, was bought by SoftBank, sold to United Robotics Group in 2022, entered insolvency in February 2025 and was taken over later that year; the record says NAO production continued. Enchanted Tools went through financial restructuring in 2025. [PAL Robotics](/companies/pal-robotics/) in Barcelona, building humanoids since 2004, is the longest-running maker here and the only one with six machines on record, from the chess-playing [REEM-A](/robots/pal-reem-a/) of 2005 to the 175 cm, 32-DOF [TALOS](/robots/pal-talos/) sold to labs since 2017.

## Nearly half is research and almost a quarter is open

Of the 31 European machines, 13 are categorised as research and 9 have research as their status. Six come from research institutes: [DLR](/companies/dlr/)'s [Rollin' Justin](/robots/dlr-rollin-justin/) and [TORO](/robots/dlr-toro/), Inria's [Poppy](/robots/poppy-humanoid/), and [IIT](/companies/iit/)'s [iCub](/robots/iit-icub/), [ergoCub](/robots/iit-ergocub/) and [WALK-MAN](/robots/iit-walk-man/). One is a university machine, Bonn's [NimbRo-OP2X](/robots/nimbro-op2x/), a RoboCup winner whose record says fully autonomous soccer with no teleoperation. One, [InMoov](/robots/inmoov/), is a community project. Twenty-two come from startups and one, AEON, from a listed conglomerate.

Seven of the 31 are open source: iCub, InMoov, NimbRo-OP2X, Poppy, Reachy 2, Reachy Mini and [Roboy](/robots/devanthro-roboy/). That is 7 of the 24 open-source humanoids in the whole database, from a region with 17 percent of the robots. If openness is what you are buying, Europe over-delivers.

Three machines are retired, all older bipeds: REEM-A, [REEM-B](/robots/pal-reem-b/) and WALK-MAN, which competed in the 2015 DARPA Robotics Challenge finals. Two are discontinued: the wheeled [REEM](/robots/pal-reem/) service robot and Aldebaran's [Romeo](/robots/aldebaran-romeo/), an elderly-care project that ended around 2017. Five were first revealed in 2025: [AEON](/robots/hexagon-aeon/), [Agile ONE](/robots/agile-robots-agile-one/), [Calvin-40](/robots/wandercraft-calvin-40/), Protoclone and Reachy Mini. Of those five, only the desk robot has a price.

## Where European humanoids actually work

Our 52 deployments include six on European soil, counting Switzerland and Hungary: two in Germany, one each in France, Italy, Switzerland and Hungary. Four use European machines. [Neura](/companies/neura-robotics/)'s [4NE-1](/robots/neura-4ne-1/) has been in a pilot at Schaeffler plants since September 2024, with mixed autonomy and no published scale. Hexagon's AEON was announced in June 2025 with Pilatus Aircraft in Stans and Schaeffler as pilot partners, also mixed autonomy. NAO's classroom fleet, more than 13,000 units reported sold by 2018, and iCub's copies in more than 30 labs are the other two, and they are fleets rather than sites.

The other two European deployments run American robots. [Digit](/robots/agility-digit/) from [Agility Robotics](/companies/agility-robotics/) was announced for Schaeffler's plants in October 2024, when Schaeffler took a minority stake. [Apollo](/robots/apptronik-apollo/) from [Apptronik](/companies/apptronik/) has been piloted at Mercedes-Benz in Kecskemet, Hungary since March 2024 and later in Berlin, the first announced humanoid pilot at a European carmaker. None of the six European deployments publishes a unit count. Chinese robots have no deployment outside China in our record; American robots have three abroad, and two of them are in European factories.

The fifth deployment of a European machine is abroad: [Ameca](/robots/engineered-arts-ameca/) at the Museum of the Future in Dubai, in the entertainment line where [Engineered Arts](/companies/engineered-arts/) has sold and rented [RoboThespian](/robots/engineered-arts-robothespian/) since 2005. RoboThespian runs telepresence and scripted performance modes; Ameca's record marks teleoperation as partial. [Robody](/robots/devanthro-robody/), the Munich care avatar piloted in German nursing homes, is operated by remote caregivers through VR and claims no autonomy at all. Across the 31, teleoperation is yes for 6, partial for 14, unknown for 4 and no for 7, and all 7 with no are research bipeds or retired machines.

## Europe against China and the United States

| | Europe (7 countries) | China | United States |
|---|---|---|---|
| Robots on record | 31 | 65 | 44 |
| Makers | 19 | 30 | 33 |
| Orderable (in stock or preorder) | 3 | 31 | 5 |
| Deployments located there | 6, including CH and HU | 22 | 16 |
| Deployments by makers from there | 5 | 22 | 18 |

The column that matters to a European buyer is the orderable one. China's 31 orderable machines, Europe's 3, and the United States' 5 set the choice: a full-size legged humanoid with a price, delivered to a European address, is today a Chinese machine, and [the cost piece](/blog/how-much-does-a-humanoid-robot-cost/) lists them. The two European factory deployments with any autonomy claim run American machines on lease or partnership terms, not on a price list. The European makers pitching factories, Neura, Hexagon, [Humanoid](/companies/humanoid/) with its [HMND 01](/robots/humanoid-hmnd-01/), Wandercraft and Agile Robots, are all in pilots or prototypes with no public price and no unit count.

## The regulatory note: 2 August 2026

Our events record has one European regulation entry. Under the EU AI Act, obligations for high-risk AI systems, which include AI safety components of machinery and robots, were scheduled to apply from 2 August 2026, with the Commission's Digital Omnibus proposal seeking to delay parts of that schedule. The same entry notes that humanoids sold in the EU also fall under the Machinery Regulation from January 2027. The record does not say whether the delay was adopted, and we do not know more than that. What it means in practice: any maker selling into the EU, from Shenzhen or Bordeaux, will be asked which of these rules its machine meets, and a European maker has no exemption from the paperwork just for being European.

## What a European buyer can do this year

If you need a priced machine from a European maker, the list is Reachy 2 at $38,000 to $75,000 and Reachy Mini at $299 to $449, both open source, neither walking, the larger one built around teleoperation. If you need a classroom or research biped, ask Aldebaran for a NAO quote and PAL for a REEM-C or TALOS quote; our record puts a NAO6 at roughly $9,000 to $15,000 depending on region and reseller, and gives no figure for PAL. If you need a full-size research platform with open code, IIT builds iCub at cost for partner labs. If you need a humanoid on a factory floor, no European maker can sell you one today; you can join a pilot with Neura, Hexagon or Humanoid, or do what Schaeffler and Mercedes-Benz did and bring in an American machine. Whichever you choose, ask the seller in writing how the machine stands under the AI Act and the Machinery Regulation, because the deadline in our record has already passed and the delay is a proposal.

## Sources

- [Reachy 2, the open-source humanoid for embodied AI](https://pollen-robotics.com/reachy-2/), Pollen Robotics
- [Hugging Face's open-source desktop Pollen robot starts at $299](https://www.automate.org/robotics/industry-insights/hugging-faces-open-source-desktop-pollen-robot-starts-at-299), Association for Advancing Automation
- [NAO](https://www.aldebaran.com/en/nao), Aldebaran
- [TALOS](https://pal-robotics.com/robot/talos/), PAL Robotics
- [iCub](https://icub.iit.it/), IIT
- [Neura Robotics](https://neura-robotics.com/), Neura Robotics
- [Ameca](https://engineeredarts.com/robot/ameca/), Engineered Arts
- [EU AI Act implementation timeline](https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/implementation-timeline/), Future of Life Institute