How long does a humanoid robot actually run
22 of 182 humanoids on record quote a runtime. The claims run from 1 to 8 hours with a median of 4, and of the 44 machines you can order, 4 say anything at all.
Our database holds 182 humanoid robots. 22 of them say how long they run on a charge. The claims go from 1 hour to 8, with a median of 4. Seven records give the battery in kilowatt-hours. Of the 44 machines you can order today, 4 quote a runtime and 1 quotes a battery size. Not one record, of 182, gives a charge time or a cycle count.
Twenty-two say how long. 160 do not.
A runtime figure is the easiest specification a maker can publish. It needs a stopwatch. 12 percent of our records have one.
The silence is spread evenly. China has 65 humanoids on record and 8 publish a runtime. The United States has 44 and publishes 6. Japan has 24 and publishes 2. Among the 40 enterprise-only machines, 7 quote hours; among the 78 not for sale, 7; among the 44 you can order, 4. Machines sold through a sales conversation are slightly more talkative than the ones with a checkout button, the wrong way round for a buyer.
Some of the loudest records say nothing. UBTech’s Walker S1 has six deployment rows in our data, more than any other machine, and Digit from Agility Robotics has four; neither record gives a runtime or a battery figure. Tesla published a 2.3 kWh battery for Optimus Gen 1 in 2022 and has never published hours for any generation; the Gen 2 record mentions batteries only because the robot sorts battery cells at Fremont. Boston Dynamics’ electric Atlas says nothing. Unitree gives both figures for the G1, a pack size but no hours for the H1, and nothing for the H2 or R1.
One hour to eight, and the eights are mostly on wheels
Every quoted runtime in our data, with the two records that give a battery but no hours at the bottom.
| Machine | Maker | Form | Weight | Quoted runtime | Battery | Availability | Teleoperation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kepler K2 Bumblebee | Kepler | biped | 85 kg | 8 h | 2.33 kWh | enterprise only | partial |
| Pudu D7 | Pudu | wheeled | 45 kg | 8 h | not given | enterprise only | partial |
| REEM | PAL Robotics | wheeled | 100 kg | 8 h | not given | discontinued | partial |
| AIDOL | New Technology Coalition | biped | not given | 6 h | not given | not for sale | unknown |
| EVE | 1X | wheeled | 86 kg | 6 h | not given | discontinued | yes |
| GAC GoMate | GAC | wheeled | not given | 6 h | not given | not for sale | unknown |
| Figure 03 | Figure AI | biped | 60 kg | 5 h | 2.3 kWh | not for sale | no |
| Figure 02 | Figure AI | biped | 70 kg | 5 h | 2.25 kWh | enterprise only | no |
| Figure 01 | Figure AI | biped | 60 kg | 5 h | 2.25 kWh | not for sale | no |
| Menteebot | Mentee Robotics | biped | 70 kg | 5 h | not given | enterprise only | partial |
| AEON | Hexagon | legs and wheels | not given | 4 h | not given | enterprise only | partial |
| Apollo | Apptronik | biped | 73 kg | 4 h | not given | not for sale | partial |
| HMND 01 | Humanoid | biped | 70 kg | 4 h | not given | enterprise only | partial |
| NEO | 1X | biped | 30 kg | 4 h | not given | preorder, $20,000 | yes |
| Unitree G1 | Unitree | biped | 35 kg | 2 h | 0.75 kWh | in stock, $13,500 | partial |
| Fourier GR-2 | Fourier | biped | 63 kg | 2 h | not given | enterprise only, $125,000 | partial |
| Fourier N1 | Fourier | biped | 38 kg | 2 h | not given | in stock, $40,000 | partial |
| LimX TRON 1 | LimX Dynamics | biped, legs only | 20 kg | 2 h | not given | in stock, $15,000 | partial |
| Xpeng PX5 | Xpeng | biped | not given | 2 h | not given | not for sale | unknown |
| ASIMO | Honda | biped | 48 kg | 1 h | not given | discontinued | partial |
| FEDOR | Android Technics | biped | 160 kg | 1 h | not given | not for sale | yes |
| Sony QRIO | Sony | biped | 7.3 kg | 1 h | not given | discontinued | no |
| Optimus Gen 1 | Tesla | biped | 73 kg | not given | 2.3 kWh | not for sale | partial |
| Unitree H1 | Unitree | biped | 47 kg | not given | 0.864 kWh | enterprise only | partial |
Three records claim 1 hour, five claim 2, four claim 4, four claim 5, three claim 6 and three claim 8. The 1-hour machines are ASIMO from 2000, QRIO from 2002 and FEDOR from 2016, all retired. The 2-hour machines are all from 2023 to 2025, and three of the five are in stock. The bottom of the current market has moved from one hour to two.
Form matters more than year. The 17 bipeds have a median of 4 hours. The 5 wheeled machines have a median of 6, and two of the three 8-hour claims are on wheels: REEM, a 100 kg machine from 2010 that is no longer made, and the Pudu D7. The only walking robot that claims a full 8 hours is the Kepler K2 Bumblebee, and its own record calls it a claim.
What the kilowatt-hours say
Seven records give a pack size. Five of them, every full-size body in the set, sit within 0.08 kWh of each other: 2.25, 2.25, 2.3, 2.3 and 2.33 kWh, for machines of 60 to 85 kg. That convergence lets us do arithmetic the makers do not.
| Machine | Battery | Quoted runtime | Hours per kWh | Implied average draw | Weight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kepler K2 Bumblebee | 2.33 kWh | 8 h | 3.43 | 291 W | 85 kg |
| Unitree G1 | 0.75 kWh | 2 h | 2.67 | 375 W | 35 kg |
| Figure 01 | 2.25 kWh | 5 h | 2.22 | 450 W | 60 kg |
| Figure 02 | 2.25 kWh | 5 h | 2.22 | 450 W | 70 kg |
| Figure 03 | 2.3 kWh | 5 h | 2.17 | 460 W | 60 kg |
Figure AI has quoted 5 hours across three generations and the arithmetic is steady: about 450 W on average from a 2.25 to 2.3 kWh pack. Kepler puts a pack of the same size in a body 15 kg heavier than Figure 02 and quotes 8 hours, which needs 291 W. Either the K2 uses a third less energy than Figure’s machine while carrying more, or the two companies are measuring different things, such as standing versus working. Neither says. The G1’s 0.75 kWh for 2 hours implies 375 W for a 35 kg machine, and our verdict on it notes two hours in practice, the only figure here that did not come from a maker.
Tesla’s 2.3 kWh for Optimus Gen 1 came from its 2022 specification and has no hours next to it. Xpeng Iron announces a solid-state battery for a version planned for mass production in late 2026, with no capacity and no runtime.
Of the 44 you can order, 4 tell you
We covered the price bands in how much a humanoid costs. Here is what the same bands know about their batteries.
| Price band | Orderable machines | Quote a runtime | Quote a battery | What is said |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Under $1,000 | 7 | 0 | 0 | Reachy Mini: $299 tethered, $449 with a battery, no capacity |
| $1,000 to $10,000 | 7 | 0 | 0 | Nothing |
| $10,000 to $50,000 | 11 | 4 | 1 | G1 2 h and 0.75 kWh; TRON 1 2 h; N1 2 h; NEO 4 h |
| $50,000 and up | 2 | 0 | 0 | Nothing |
| No public price | 17 | 0 | 0 | Nothing |
Fourteen machines under $10,000 and not one runtime between them. The Pollen Robotics Reachy Mini is the only record in the band that mentions a battery, as the $150 difference between the tethered Lite and the wireless version. Everything with a runtime sits between $13,500 and $40,000, and three of those four say 2 hours. The longest quoted runtime on anything you can order is NEO at 4 hours, and NEO is the machine whose Expert Mode is a person driving it remotely. Above $50,000, and across the 17 orderable machines with no public price, nobody says.
What an eight-hour shift means against these numbers
Against the median of 4 hours, a shift is two full charges. Against the orderable machines, a shift is four charges of a G1, N1 or TRON 1, or two of a NEO. Only 3 of 182 records claim a single charge covers a shift, one of them walks, and none of the three can be ordered.
The second half of the sum is missing. No record gives a charge time. The closest is Figure 03, which lists wireless charging at 2 kW; at that rate its 2.3 kWh pack refills in a little over an hour, if the rate holds all the way, which Figure does not say. So a 2-hour biped on an 8-hour shift is four charges of unknown length, or several robots taking turns, or a swap.
Our 52 deployment rows do not help. Two of them use the word battery. One is Optimus sorting cells for Tesla. The other is Walker S2 swapping its own. Not one records hours worked per charge, uptime, or how many packs a site keeps.
The swap: what has been seen, and what has only been said
Four records say the pack can be swapped. Apollo from Apptronik quotes a 4-hour swappable battery and is piloted by Mercedes-Benz, GXO and Jabil, with partial teleoperation. Hexagon’s AEON has hot-swappable batteries, about 4 hours, on legs with wheels. Fourier GR-2 doubled the capacity of GR-1, made the pack swappable, and still quotes about 2 hours. And UBTech’s Walker S2, unveiled in July 2025, is the first humanoid to exchange its own battery, in about 3 minutes, on video.
Two of these have been observed outside a launch video. Walker S2 has been in factories named by UBTech, including BYD, Foxconn, Dongfeng Liuzhou and Zeekr, since October 2025, with battery swapping listed in the task; our record marks the autonomy as mixed and the delivered count as pending verification. UBTech publishes neither the pack size nor the hours between swaps, so “round-the-clock” is a claim about the swap, not about the battery.
The other observation is a race. On 19 April 2025, 21 humanoid teams ran a 21 km half marathon in Beijing’s Yizhuang district. X-Humanoid’s Tiangong Ultra won in 2 hours 40 minutes, with a human pacer alongside and batteries swapped during the race. Six of 21 finished; several fell or overheated. It is the most public endurance test in our data, and the winner needed fresh packs to cover 21 km in under three hours.
None of this is new. Honda P2 carried its own batteries and computers in December 1996 and weighed 210 kg. Atlas went untethered in 2015. Thirty years on, the question has moved from whether the robot can carry its battery to whether the battery can carry a shift, and the makers answer it 22 times out of 182.
What to ask about the battery
Four questions, and how many of 182 records answer each.
Is the pack swappable, and can the robot keep running while it happens? Four records say swappable (Apollo, GR-2, AEON, Walker S2). One says hot-swappable (AEON). One swaps by itself (Walker S2). The other 178 do not say.
How long does a full charge take, at what power? Zero records give a time. One gives a charger rating (Figure 03, 2 kW).
How many cycles is the pack rated for, and what does the warranty cover? Zero records give a cycle count. Of 42 buy records, one lists a warranty at all: NEO, three years on the Early Access purchase, with no separate battery term.
How long does it run doing the job you are buying it for, not standing still? 22 quote a figure. None says what the robot was doing when it was measured.
If you are choosing a machine for a shift, take the quoted hours, halve them for work rather than standing, and assume you will measure the charge time yourself. Then count the shift in packs and robots, not in hours. The only maker that has put a full working day on record did it with a 3-minute swap, and even that record does not say how long the pack lasts between swaps.
UBTech Walker S1
Walker S1 is the 2024 industrial humanoid that UBTech placed in several Chinese car and electronics plants. It is 172 cm tall, carries up to 15 kg and works with AMRs for material handling.
Unitree G1
G1 is Unitree's compact humanoid, announced in May 2024 at USD 16,000 and now listed at USD 13,500. Its low price and open SDK made it the default research and education humanoid worldwide. Read the configuration carefully: the standard machine does not support your own code, and the EDU version that does starts at USD 43,900.
Unitree H1
H1 is Unitree's first full-size humanoid, revealed in August 2023. It set a walking speed of 3.3 m/s and performed the first standing backflip by a full-size electric humanoid in March 2024. Sixteen H1 units danced on the CCTV Spring Festival Gala in January 2025.
Figure 01
Figure 01 was Figure AI's first humanoid, shown walking in October 2023 and demonstrated with OpenAI's vision-language model in March 2024. It was 168 cm tall, 60 kg, with a 20 kg payload and five-hour runtime. It established the company and led to the BMW agreement in January 2024.
Figure 02
Figure 02, unveiled on 6 August 2024, added onboard speech, six cameras, 16 DoF hands and three times the compute of Figure 01. It became the first Figure robot to work in a customer plant, at BMW Spartanburg, and the platform for the Helix vision-language-action model. Figure retired it in favour of Figure 03 in late 2025.
Figure 03
Figure 03 is Figure AI's third-generation humanoid, unveiled on 9 October 2025 and designed for the home and for volume manufacturing at Figure's BotQ facility. It has soft textile coverings, wireless charging, palm cameras and tactile fingertips, and runs the Helix model onboard. It is the company's first robot designed for mass production rather than hand assembly.
Kepler K2 Bumblebee
K2 Bumblebee is Kepler's production-intent industrial humanoid with 52 degrees of freedom, a 30 kg payload and an 8-hour battery claim.
Optimus Gen 1
Optimus Gen 1 was the first Tesla-designed humanoid, unveiled at AI Day 2022 with 28 actuators, an 11 DoF hand and a 2.3 kWh battery. It first walked untethered in videos in March and May 2023. Tesla positioned it as a product to be built at scale using its car-manufacturing know-how.
Optimus Gen 2
Optimus Gen 2, revealed on 12 December 2023, is about 10 kg lighter than Gen 1, walks 30 percent faster and has Tesla-designed actuators, an actuated neck and tactile fingers. It has been used for internal factory trials and at Tesla marketing events, where it was partly teleoperated. It is the version the public has seen most.
NEO
NEO is 1X's consumer home humanoid, opened for preorder on 28 October 2025 at USD 20,000 with deliveries planned for 2026. It is about 30 kg, tendon-driven and wears a soft suit, and it uses remote human operators for tasks it cannot yet do autonomously. It is the first humanoid marketed directly to households at a published price.
EVE
EVE was 1X's (formerly Halodi Robotics) wheeled humanoid, deployed in small numbers for security patrols and used to collect training data for the company's neural networks. It preceded the legged NEO family.
Fourier GR-2
GR-2 doubled the battery capacity of GR-1 with a swappable pack and added 12-DOF hands, for a total of 53 degrees of freedom. The payload figure refers to each arm.
Fourier N1
N1 is Fourier's open-source humanoid: the company published the bill of materials, CAD files, actuator specs and training code. It is 130 cm tall and aimed at developers and universities.
LimX TRON 1
TRON 1 is a legs-only biped research platform whose feet can be swapped between point, flat and wheeled configurations. It is one of the lower-cost legged research robots.
Apollo
Apollo is Apptronik's general-purpose humanoid, revealed on 23 August 2023, with a 25 kg payload and four-hour swappable batteries. It is piloted by Mercedes-Benz, GXO and Jabil, and Google DeepMind has partnered with Apptronik on its AI. Apptronik's team previously worked on NASA's Valkyrie.
AEON
AEON is Hexagon's industrial humanoid, unveiled on 17 June 2025 at HxGN LIVE in Las Vegas. It combines legs with wheels for locomotion, hot-swappable batteries and Hexagon's measurement sensors, and is aimed at inspection, scanning and material handling in factories.
UBTech Walker S2
Walker S2 is UBTech's 2025 industrial humanoid and the first to swap its own battery, allowing round-the-clock operation. It has 52 degrees of freedom and is the product behind UBTech's large 2025 order announcements.
Pudu D7
D7 is a wheeled humanoid from Pudu with two 7-DOF arms and an 8-hour battery, aimed at hospitality and light logistics.
REEM
REEM was PAL Robotics' wheeled humanoid service robot, launched in 2010 for guiding and information tasks in public spaces. It was PAL's first commercial humanoid product.
ASIMO
ASIMO, unveiled by Honda on 31 October 2000, was the best known humanoid of its era, evolving through several versions until the 2011 model that ran at 9 km/h. Honda ended development in 2018 and retired the robot from public shows in 2022.
Sony QRIO
QRIO was Sony's 58 cm entertainment humanoid that became the first bipedal robot to run in 2003. Sony cancelled it in 2006 during restructuring.
FEDOR (Skybot F-850)
FEDOR was a Russian teleoperated humanoid developed by Android Technics and the Advanced Research Foundation that flew on Soyuz MS-14 to the ISS in August 2019, the first humanoid to ride a Soyuz.
Xpeng PX5
PX5 was Xpeng's first bipedal humanoid, shown at Tech Day in October 2023 as part of its robotics program alongside the Xpeng flying car.
HMND 01
HMND 01 is the humanoid from London startup Humanoid, founded in 2024 by Artem Sokolov. A wheeled version was revealed in May 2025 for logistics work and a third-generation bipedal version followed later in 2025. The company positions it as a lower-cost European alternative to US and Chinese humanoids.
Menteebot
Menteebot is the humanoid from Israeli startup Mentee Robotics, founded in 2022 by Amnon Shashua, Lior Wolf and Shai Shalev-Shwartz. First shown in April 2024, the production-intent V3 revealed in January 2025 is 175 cm, 70 kg with a 25 kg payload and five-hour battery.
AIDOL
AIDOL is a Russian humanoid unveiled by the New Technology Coalition in Moscow in November 2025; the developers said 77 percent of its components were Russian made.
GAC GoMate
GoMate is the humanoid of car maker GAC Group with a variable wheel-foot lower body that switches between two-wheel and four-wheel modes. GAC plans to use it in its own factories and 4S stores.
Tiangong Ultra
Tiangong Ultra is the athletic version of Tiangong that won the world's first humanoid half marathon in Beijing in April 2025, then took track medals at the August 2025 World Humanoid Robot Games.
Digit (v1 to v3)
Digit added a torso, arms and perception to the Cassie legs and was first shown in February 2019. Ford bought the first two units in 2020 for last-mile delivery research, and v2 and v3 added better perception and hands-free manipulation of totes. These versions were superseded by the 2023 Digit.
Xpeng Iron
Iron is Xpeng's full-size humanoid, first shown in November 2024 working in its Guangzhou car plant. The 2025 version adds 82 degrees of freedom, a bionic spine, solid-state battery and Xpeng's own Turing chips, with mass production planned for late 2026.
Reachy Mini
Reachy Mini is a desktop-size expressive robot head and torso from Pollen Robotics, now part of Hugging Face. It is not a walking humanoid, it is the cheapest legitimate way to start building with the open embodied-AI stack that runs on its full-size sibling Reachy 2.
Honda P2
P2 was the first humanoid to carry its own power and computing while walking, an achievement that surprised the robotics community when Honda revealed it in December 1996.
Atlas (electric)
The electric Atlas, revealed on 17 April 2024, replaced the hydraulic Atlas with a fully electric design whose joints rotate through 360 degrees. Boston Dynamics is developing it as a commercial factory robot with Hyundai Motor Group and using large behavior models from Toyota Research Institute and Google DeepMind. A production-intent version was unveiled at CES in January 2026.
Sources
- 01Unitree G1 product pageUnitree
- 02Introducing Figure 03Figure AI
- 03
- 04UBTech Walker S2 pageUBTech
- 05X-Humanoid official siteX-Humanoid
- 06ApolloApptronik
- 07NEO1X
- 08Fourier GR-2 pageFourier
Startups, automakers, universities: who builds humanoids
108 makers, nine kinds. Startups hold 37 of the 44 humanoids you can order. Automakers, universities, big tech, conglomerates and NASA hold 45 robots between them and sell none of them.
How a humanoid robot works: actuators, compute, sensors and the model
Of 182 humanoids on record, 178 say what moves the joints and 43 say what computer is inside. The further a layer sits from the metal, the less the maker tells you about it.
China builds, America demos: what 108 makers tell you
Chinese makers account for 65 of the 182 humanoids in our record and 31 of the 44 you can order. American makers hold the money, the research and most of the autonomy claims, and sell you almost nothing.